The individual chemical processes in the blast furnace are described in more detail in the following sections. The combustion of coke produces hot gases consisting mainly of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and (gaseous) water. To generate the necessary heat and the reducing carbon monoxide gas (\(CO\)), the coke is burnt in the lower part of the blast furnace with the supply of the hot-blast. In the field of blast furnace shaft lining, alkali and CO-resistant products have been developed and tested in all installation technologies (casting, dry gunning, jetcasting). The project realized in August, during capital repair of blast furnace № 5 NLMK, included full service range, from the cleaning of collapsed brick lining until the restoration of protecting layer on the wall and pipe valves by gunning. CO 2 capture from the overall flue gas stream. In the indirect reduction zone, the iron oxide contained in the iron ores is reduced by carbon monoxide gas, whereby the iron ores are not melted! In both cases the iron oxide is reduced to iron. Due to the reduction of the solidificatoin point by diffused carbon into the reduced iron, it begins to melt in the hotter zones of the blast furnace. The situation can be illustrated by the evaporation of water in a closed room filled with air. Fundamental equation of planetary gears (Willis equation). Figure: Coke. This combustion is very strongly exothermic, i.e. 3. However, this dynamic equilibrium can be shifted in favour of or at the expense of the liquid water, depending on the temperature. Blast furnace gases contain close to 30% CO 2, after full combustion of the CO fraction, while the overall flue gas stream from an integrated steel mill is ∼15% CO 2.The same CO 2 capture options introduced above for power-generation plant can therefore also be applied to a steel mill:. FeO &~+~ CO &&\rightarrow~ Fe &&+ ~CO_2 ~~~~~~ \text{(wüstite} \rightarrow \text{iron)} \\[5px] The blast furnace is a refractory-lined circular shaft 100 to 200 feet high, with an internal diameter between 20 and 45 feet. Carbon not only provides the necessary heat to melt the iron ore but also serves in a special way as a reducing agent to reduce the iron oxides to iron! Then the magnetite is reduced to so-called wüstite (\(FeO\)) before it is finally reduced to iron (\(Fe\)): \begin{align} If the iron ores, which have not yet been reduced, move further down in the blast furnace, then the carbon can also directly reduce the iron oxides contained in the ore due to the high temperatures. To create Steel with the Blast Furnace, input a source of Iron, such as Iron Ingots, Iron Ore, or Iron Dust, and also 6 Compressed Air Cells. The purpose of this manufacturing process is that reducing the … furnace. This module introduces the learner to the operation of the blast furnace for the transformation of iron ore to molten iron. Graphite precipitation is preferred for high silicon concentrations. \end{align}. The blast furnace process has been the primary method for producing iron for many decades. Iron ore that contains a lower iron content must be processed or beneficiated to increase its iron content. Globally, however, an equilibrium between these phases or between the reaction and its reverse reactionof liquid and air-bound water will occur. Therefore the solidified pig iron is also called grey pig iron. A further lowering of the iron ores in the blast furnace leads to the temperature zone of 400 °C to 800 °C. 3~Fe_2O_3 &~+~ CO &&\rightarrow~ 2~Fe_3O_4 &&+ ~CO_2 ~~~~~~ \text{(hematite} \rightarrow \text{magnetite)} \\[5px] What is “grey pig iron” and “white pig iron”? 6. Iron making blast furnace consists of several zones a crucible shaped hearth at the bottom of the furnace, an intermediate zone … Other elements such as titanium, copper, etc. This type of solidification is therefore also referred to as stable solidification. These are the goals of BEKA! In contrast, graphite is a thermodynamically stable compound that has survived even with long annealing times.